■ WebPImageFile 클래스의 save 메소드를 사용해 .WEBP 파일을 .GIF 파일로 저장하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ main.py
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
from PIL import Image webPImageFile = Image.open("./sample.webp") webPImageFile.save("./sample.gif", "gif", save_all = True) |
▶ requirements.txt
|
1 2 3 |
pillow==10.4.0 |
※ pip install
■ PNG 파일을 SVG 파일로 변환하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ main.py
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 |
import sys import operator import logging import collections import io import optparse from PIL import Image ################################################################################ # 공통 ################################################################################ def AddTuple(tuple1, tuple2): return tuple(map(operator.add, tuple1, tuple2)) def SubtractTuple(tuple1, tuple2): return tuple(map(operator.sub, tuple1, tuple2)) def NegateTuple(tuple1): return tuple(map(operator.neg, tuple1)) def CalculateDirection(edgeTupleTuple): return SubtractTuple(edgeTupleTuple[1], edgeTupleTuple[0]) def CalculateMagnitude(a): return int(pow(pow(a[0], 2) + pow(a[1], 2), .5)) def Normalize(tuple1): magnitude = CalculateMagnitude(tuple1) assert magnitude > 0, "Cannot normalize a zero-length vector" return tuple(map(operator.truediv, tuple1, [magnitude] * len(tuple1))) def GetSVGHeader(width, height): return """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> <svg width="%d" height="%d" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"> """ % (width, height) ################################################################################ # SVG 데이터 구하기 1 ################################################################################ def GetJoinedEdgeList(assortedEdgeDictionary, keepEveryPoint = False): pieceListList = [] pieceList = [] directionDeque = collections.deque([(0, 1), (1, 0), (0, -1), (-1, 0)]) while assortedEdgeDictionary: if not pieceList: pieceList.append(assortedEdgeDictionary.pop()) currentDirectionTuple = Normalize(CalculateDirection(pieceList[-1])) while currentDirectionTuple != directionDeque[2]: directionDeque.rotate() for i in range(1, 4): nextEndTuple = AddTuple(pieceList[-1][1], directionDeque[i]) nextEdgeTuple = (pieceList[-1][1], nextEndTuple) if nextEdgeTuple in assortedEdgeDictionary: assortedEdgeDictionary.remove(nextEdgeTuple) if i == 2 and not keepEveryPoint: pieceList[-1] = (pieceList[-1][0], nextEdgeTuple[1]) else: pieceList.append(nextEdgeTuple) if pieceList[0][0] == pieceList[-1][1]: if not keepEveryPoint and Normalize(CalculateDirection(pieceList[0])) == Normalize(CalculateDirection(pieceList[-1])): pieceList[-1] = (pieceList[-1][0], pieceList.pop(0)[1]) pieceListList.append(pieceList) pieceList = [] break else: raise Exception("Failed to find connecting edge") return pieceListList def GetSVGData1(image, opaque = None, keepEveryPoint = False): adjacentOffsetTuple = ((1, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, -1)) visitedImage = Image.new("1", image.size, 0) colorTupleDictionary = {} width, height = image.size for x in range(width): for y in range(height): pointTuple = (x, y) if visitedImage.getpixel(pointTuple): continue colorTuple = image.getpixel((x, y)) if opaque and not colorTuple[3]: continue pieceList = [] queueList = [pointTuple] visitedImage.putpixel(pointTuple, 1) while queueList: pointTuple = queueList.pop() for offsetTuple in adjacentOffsetTuple: neighbourPointTuple = AddTuple(pointTuple, offsetTuple) if not (0 <= neighbourPointTuple[0] < width) or not (0 <= neighbourPointTuple[1] < height): continue if visitedImage.getpixel(neighbourPointTuple): continue neighbourPointColorTuple = image.getpixel(neighbourPointTuple) if neighbourPointColorTuple != colorTuple: continue queueList.append(neighbourPointTuple) visitedImage.putpixel(neighbourPointTuple, 1) pieceList.append(pointTuple) if not colorTuple in colorTupleDictionary: colorTupleDictionary[colorTuple] = [] colorTupleDictionary[colorTuple].append(pieceList) del adjacentOffsetTuple del visitedImage edgeDictionray = \ { (-1, 0) : ((0, 0), (0, 1)), ( 0, 1) : ((0, 1), (1, 1)), ( 1, 0) : ((1, 1), (1, 0)), ( 0, -1) : ((1, 0), (0, 0)) } colorEdgeDictionary = {} for colorTuple, pieceList in colorTupleDictionary.items(): for piecePixelList in pieceList: edgeSet = set([]) for coordinateTuple in piecePixelList: for offsetTuple, (startOffsetTuple, endOffsetTuple) in edgeDictionray.items(): neighbourPointTuple = AddTuple(coordinateTuple, offsetTuple ) startTuple = AddTuple(coordinateTuple, startOffsetTuple) endTuple = AddTuple(coordinateTuple, endOffsetTuple ) edgeTuple = (startTuple, endTuple) if neighbourPointTuple in piecePixelList: continue edgeSet.add(edgeTuple) if not colorTuple in colorEdgeDictionary: colorEdgeDictionary[colorTuple] = [] colorEdgeDictionary[colorTuple].append(edgeSet) del colorTupleDictionary del edgeDictionray colorJoinedPieceDictionary = {} for colorTuple, pieceList in colorEdgeDictionary.items(): colorJoinedPieceDictionary[colorTuple] = [] for assortedEdgeDictionary in pieceList: colorJoinedPieceDictionary[colorTuple].append(GetJoinedEdgeList(assortedEdgeDictionary, keepEveryPoint)) stringIO = io.StringIO() stringIO.write(GetSVGHeader(*image.size)) for colorTuple, shapeList in colorJoinedPieceDictionary.items(): for shape in shapeList: stringIO.write(""" <path d=" """) for subsidaryShape in shape: pointTuple = subsidaryShape.pop(0)[0] stringIO.write(""" M %d,%d """ % pointTuple) for edgeTuple in subsidaryShape: pointTuple = edgeTuple[0] stringIO.write(""" L %d,%d """ % pointTuple) stringIO.write(""" Z """) stringIO.write(""" " style="fill:rgb%s; fill-opacity:%.3f; stroke:none;" />\n""" % (colorTuple[0:3], float(colorTuple[3]) / 255)) stringIO.write("""</svg>\n""") return stringIO.getvalue() ################################################################################ # SVG 데이터 구하기 2 ################################################################################ def GetSVGData2(image, opaque = None): stringIO = io.StringIO() stringIO.write(GetSVGHeader(*image.size)) width, height = image.size for x in range(width): for y in range(height): pointTuple = (x, y) colorTuple = image.getpixel(pointTuple) if opaque and not colorTuple[3]: continue stringIO.write(""" <rect x="%d" y="%d" width="1" height="1" style="fill:rgb%s; fill-opacity:%.3f; stroke:none;" />\n"""\ % (x, y, colorTuple[0:3], float(colorTuple[3]) / 255)) stringIO.write("""</svg>\n""") return stringIO.getvalue() ################################################################################ # SVG 파일 생성하기 ################################################################################ def CreateSVGFile(pngFilePath, contiguous = None, opaque = None, keepEveryPoint = None): try: pngImageFile = Image.open(pngFilePath) except IOError: print("이미지 파일을 열 수가 없습니다 : %s\n" % pngFilePath) sys.exit(1) image = pngImageFile.convert("RGBA") if contiguous: return GetSVGData1(image, opaque, keepEveryPoint) else: return GetSVGData2(image, opaque) ################################################################################ # 프로그램 시작하기 ################################################################################ logging.basicConfig() log = logging.getLogger('png2svg') if __name__ == "__main__": parser = optparse.OptionParser() parser.add_option(\ "-v", "--verbose", action = "store_true", dest = "verbosity", help = "Print verbose information for debugging", default = None) parser.add_option(\ "-q", "--quiet", action = "store_false", dest = "verbosity", help = "Suppress warnings", default = None) parser.add_option(\ "-p", "--pixels", action = "store_false", dest = "contiguous", help = "Generate a separate shape for each pixel; do not group pixels into contiguous areas of the same colour", default = True) parser.add_option(\ "-o", "--opaque", action = "store_true", dest = "opaque", help = "Opaque only; do not create shapes for fully transparent pixels.", default = None) parser.add_option(\ "-1", "--one", action = "store_true", dest = "keeEveryPoint", help = "1-pixel-width edges on contiguous shapes; default is to remove intermediate points on straight line edges.", default = None) (options, argumentList) = parser.parse_args() if options.verbosity == True: log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) elif options.verbosity == False: log.setLevel(logging.ERROR) print(CreateSVGFile(argumentList[0], contiguous = options.contiguous, opaque = options.opaque, keepEveryPoint = options.keeEveryPoint)) |
※ 명령 프롬프트에서 env 가상 환경을 활성화하고 아래와 같이 실행하거나 ▶
■ filter 함수에서 커스텀 필터를 사용하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 |
from PIL import Image from PIL import ImageFilter kernel = ImageFilter.Kernel((3, 3), [1, 0, -1, 5, 0, -5, 1, 0, 1]) pngImageFile = Image.open("source.png") grayscaleImage = pngImageFile.convert("L") filterImage = grayscaleImage.filter(kernel) filterImage.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 filter 메소드에서 중간값(Median) 필터를 사용하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |
from PIL import Image from PIL import ImageFilter pngImageFile = Image.open("source.png") medianFilter = ImageFilter.MedianFilter(7) medianImage = pngImageFile.filter(medianFilter) medianImage.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 filter 메소드에서 가우시안 블러(Gaussian Blur) 필터를 사용하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |
from PIL import Image from PIL import ImageFilter pngImageFile = Image.open("source.png") gaussianBlur = ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(5) gaussianBlurImage = pngImageFile.filter(gaussianBlur) gaussianBlurImage.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 putpixel 메소드를 사용해 픽셀 색상을 설정하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 |
from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") colorTuple = pngImageFile.getpixel((0, 0)) print("변경전 색상 : ", colorTuple) colorList = list(colorTuple) colorList[2] = 255 colorTuple = tuple(colorList) pngImageFile.putpixel((0, 0), colorTuple) colorTuple = pngImageFile.getpixel((0, 0)) print("변경후 색상 : ", colorTuple) """ 변경전 색상 : (58, 78, 115) 변경후 색상 : (58, 78, 255) """ |
■ Brightness 클래스의 enhance 메소드를 사용해 명도를 변경하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |
from PIL import Image from PIL import ImageEnhance pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") brightness = ImageEnhance.Brightness(pngImageFile) image = brightness.enhance(2) image.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 rotate 메소드를 사용해 이미지를 회전하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") image = pngImageFile.rotate(90) image.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 resize 메소드를 사용해 이미지 크기를 변경하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") image = pngImageFile.resize((200, 200)) image.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 getpixel 메소드를 사용해 픽셀 색상을 구하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 |
from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") colorTuple = pngImageFile.getpixel((100, 100)) print(colorTuple) """ (129, 151, 190) """ |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 convert 메소드를 사용해 픽셀 모드를 변경하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") image = pngImageFile.convert("L") image.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 crop 메소드를 사용해 이미지를 자르는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") image = pngImageFile.crop((100, 100, 400, 400)) image.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 save 메소드를 사용해 이미지를 저장하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") pngImageFile.save("new.png") |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 show 메소드를 사용해 이미지를 출력하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") pngImageFile.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 open 메소드를 사용해 이미지를 로드하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") pngImageFile.show() |