■ get 함수의 verify 인자를 사용해 인증서 파일을 설정하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx response = httpx.get(url = "https:/127.0.0.1:443", verify = "./certificate.pem") print(response.status_code) |
■ get 함수의 verify 인자를 사용해 HTTPS 인증서의 검증을 무시하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx response = httpx.get("https://www.daum.net", verify = False) print(response.status_code) # 200 |
■ get 함수의 data 인자를 사용해 폼 URL 인코딩 방식으로 데이터를 전달하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() dataDictionary = {"key1" : "value1", "key2" : "value2"} response = httpx.post("https://httpbin.org/post", data = dataDictionary) printResponse("FORM URL 인코딩 데이터 전달", response) """ FORM URL 인코딩 데이터 전달 response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/post response.headers['content-type'] : application/json response.encoding : ascii response.status_code : 200 """ |
■ get 함수의 auth 인자를 사용해 다이제스트 인증 자격 증명을 제공하는 방법을 보여준다. (DigestAuth 객체 전달) ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() digestAuth = httpx.DigestAuth("user1", "1234") response = httpx.get("https://example.com", auth = digestAuth) printResponse("다이제스트 인증 자격 증명 제공하기", response) """ 다이제스트 인증 자격 증명 제공하기 response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://example.com response.headers['content-type'] : text/html; charset=UTF-8 response.encoding : UTF-8 response.status_code : 200 """ |
■ get 함수의 auth 인자를 사용해 기본 인증 자격 증명을 제공하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() response = httpx.get("https://example.com", auth = ("user1", "1234")) printResponse("기본 인증 자격 증명 제공하기", response) """ 기본 인증 자격 증명 제공하기 response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://example.com response.headers['content-type'] : text/html; charset=UTF-8 response.encoding : UTF-8 response.status_code : 200 """ |
■ Cookies 함수를 사용해 Cookies 객체를 HTTP 호출시 쿠키 값으로 전달하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() cookies = httpx.Cookies() cookies.set("cookie_on_domain" , "hello, there!", domain = "httpbin.org") cookies.set("cookie_off_domain", "nope" , domain = "example.org") response = httpx.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies', cookies = cookies) printResponse("HTTP 호출시 Cookies 객체를 쿠키 값으로 전달하기", response) print(f" response.json() : {response.json()}") """ HTTP 호출시 Cookies 객체를 쿠키 값으로 전달하기 response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : http://httpbin.org/cookies response.headers['content-type'] : application/json response.encoding : ascii response.status_code : 200 response.json() : {'cookies': {'cookie_on_domain': 'hello, there!'}} """ |
■ get 함수의 cookies 인자를 사용해 HTTP 호출시 쿠키 값을 전달하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() cookieDictionary = {"cookie1" : "value1"} response = httpx.get('https://httpbin.org/cookies', cookies = cookieDictionary) printResponse("HTTP 호출시 쿠키 값 전달하기", response) print(f" response.json() : {response.json()}") """ HTTP 호출시 쿠키 값 전달하기 response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/cookies response.headers['content-type'] : application/json response.encoding : ascii response.status_code : 200 response.json() : {'cookies': {'cookie1': 'value1'}} """ |
■ Response 클래스의 cookies 변수를 사용해 HTTP 응답시 쿠키 값을 구하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() response = httpx.get('https://httpbin.org/cookies/set?chocolate=chip') printResponse("응답시 쿠키 값 구하기", response) print(f" response.cookies['chocolate'] : {response.cookies['chocolate']}") """ 응답시 쿠키 값 구하기 response : <Response [302 FOUND]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/cookies/set?chocolate=chip response.headers['content-type'] : text/html; charset=utf-8 response.encoding : utf-8 response.status_code : 302 response.cookies['chocolate'] : chip """ |
■ Response 클래스의 raise_for_status 메소드를 사용해 에러를 발생시키는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from httpx import get, codes def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() response = get("https://httpbin.org/status/404") printResponse("404 에러 수신시 에러 발생시키기", response) if(response.status_code == codes.NOT_FOUND): response.raise_for_status() """ 404 에러 수신시 에러 발생시키기 response : <Response [404 NOT FOUND]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/status/404 response.headers['content-type'] : text/html; charset=utf-8 response.encoding : utf-8 response.status_code : 404 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/king/testproject/main2.py", line 18, in <module> response.raise_for_status() File "/home/king/testproject/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/httpx/_models.py", line 1510, in raise_for_status raise HTTPStatusError(message, request=request, response=self) httpx.HTTPStatusError: Client error '404 NOT FOUND' for url 'https://httpbin.org/status/404' For more information check: https://httpstatuses.com/404 """ |
■ Response 클래스의 status_code 변수 전체 값을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from httpx import codes # codes 클래스는 IntEnum 클래스를 상속받았다. print(codes.OK) """ 200 """ # informational CONTINUE = 100, #Continue SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101, #Switching Protocols PROCESSING = 102, #Processing EARLY_HINTS = 103, #Early Hints # succes# OK = 200, #OK CREATED = 201, #Created ACCEPTED = 202, #Accepted NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203, #Non-Authoritative Information NO_CONTENT = 204, #No Content RESET_CONTENT = 205, #Reset Content PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206, #Partial Content MULTI_STATUS = 207, #Multi-Status ALREADY_REPORTED = 208, #Already Reported IM_USED = 226, #IM Used # redirection MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300, #Multiple Choices MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301, #Moved Permanently FOUND = 302, #Found SEE_OTHER = 303, #See Other NOT_MODIFIED = 304, #Not Modified USE_PROXY = 305, #Use Proxy TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307, #Temporary Redirect PERMANENT_REDIRECT = 308, #Permanent Redirect # client error BAD_REQUEST = 400, #Bad Request UNAUTHORIZED = 401, #Unauthorized PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402, #Payment Required FORBIDDEN = 403, #Forbidden NOT_FOUND = 404, #Not Found METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405, #Method Not Allowed NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406, #Not Acceptable PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407, #Proxy Authentication Required REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408, #Request Timeout CONFLICT = 409, #Conflict GONE = 410, #Gone LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411, #Length Required PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412, #Precondition Failed REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413, #Request Entity Too Large REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414, #Request-URI Too Long UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415, #Unsupported Media Type REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416, #Requested Range Not Satisfiable EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417, #Expectation Failed IM_A_TEAPOT = 418, #I'm a teapot MISDIRECTED_REQUEST = 421, #Misdirected Request UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422, #Unprocessable Entity LOCKED = 423, #Locked FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424, #Failed Dependency TOO_EARLY = 425, #Too Early UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426, #Upgrade Required PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428, #Precondition Required TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429, #Too Many Requests REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE = 431, #Request Header Fields Too Large UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS = 451, #Unavailable For Legal Reasons # server errors INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500, #Internal Server Error NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501, #Not Implemented BAD_GATEWAY = 502, #Bad Gateway SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503, #Service Unavailable GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504, #Gateway Timeout HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505, #HTTP Version Not Supported VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES = 506, #Variant Also Negotiates INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507, #Insufficient Storage LOOP_DETECTED = 508, #Loop Detected NOT_EXTENDED = 510, #Not Extended NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 511, #Network Authentication Required |
■ post 함수의 files 인자를 사용해 MULTIPART 방식으로 파일을 업로드하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() fileDictionary = {"upload-file" : open("./main.py", "rb")} response = httpx.post("https://httpbin.org/post", files = fileDictionary) printResponse("MULTIPART 인코딩 방식으로 파일 업로드", response) """ MULTIPART 인코딩 방식으로 파일 업로드 response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/post response.headers['content-type'] : application/json response.encoding : ascii response.status_code : 200 """ |
■ post 함수의 json 인자를 사용해 JSON 데이터를 전달하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() jsonDictionary = { "value1" : 123, "value2" : True, "value3" : ["a", "b", "c"] } response = httpx.post("https://httpbin.org/post", json = jsonDictionary) printResponse("JSON 데이터 전달", response) """ JSON 데이터 전달 response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/post response.headers['content-type'] : application/json response.encoding : ascii response.status_code : 200 """ |
■ get 함수에서 headers 인자를 사용해 커스텀 헤더를 전달하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() headerDictionary = { "user-agent" : "my-app/0.0.1", "accept" : "application/json", "content-type" : "text/html; charset=utf-8" } response = httpx.get("https://httpbin.org/headers", headers = headerDictionary) printResponse("사용자 정의 헤더 전달", response) import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() headerDictionary = { "user-agent" : "my-app/0.0.1", "accept" : "application/json", "content-type" : "text/html; charset=utf-8" } response = httpx.get("https://httpbin.org/headers", headers = headerDictionary) printResponse("사용자 정의 헤더 전달", response) """ 사용자 정의 헤더 전달 response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/headers response.headers['content-type'] : application/json response.encoding : utf_8 response.status_code : 200 """ |
■ get 함수의 params 인자에서 리스트 값을 쿼리 문자열로 전달하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() parameterDictionary = {"key1" : "value1", "key2" : ["value2", "value3"]} response = httpx.get("https://httpbin.org/get", params = parameterDictionary) printResponse("쿼리 문자열에서 리스트 값 전달", response) """ 쿼리 문자열에서 리스트 값 전달 response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/get?key1=value1&key2=value2&key2=value3 response.headers['content-type'] : application/json response.encoding : ascii response.status_code : 200 """ |
■ get 함수에서 params 인자를 사용해 쿼리 문자열 전달하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() parameterDictonary = {"key1" : "value1", "key2" : "value2"} response = httpx.get("https://httpbin.org/get", params = parameterDictonary) printResponse("쿼리 문자열 전달", response) """ 쿼리 문자열 전달 response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/get?key1=value1&key2=value2 response.headers['content-type'] : application/json response.encoding : ascii response.status_code : 200 """ |
■ get/put/delete/head/options 함수를 사용해 GET/PUT/DELETE/HEAD/OPTIONS 방식으로 HTTP 호출하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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import httpx def printResponse(title, response): print(title ) print(f" response : {response}" ) print(f" response.url : {response.url}" ) print(f" response.headers['content-type'] : {response.headers['content-type']}") print(f" response.encoding : {response.encoding}" ) print(f" response.status_code : {response.status_code}" ) #print(f" response.text : {response.text}" ) print() response = httpx.get("https://httpbin.org/get") printResponse("GET https://httpbin.org/get", response) response = httpx.put("https://httpbin.org/put", data = {"key" : "value"}) printResponse("PUT https://httpbin.org/put", response) response = httpx.delete("https://httpbin.org/delete") printResponse("DELETE https://httpbin.org/delete", response) response = httpx.head("https://httpbin.org/get") printResponse("HEAD https://httpbin.org/get", response) response = httpx.options("https://httpbin.org/get") printResponse("OPTIONS https://httpbin.org/get", response) |
▶ 실행 결과
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GET https://httpbin.org/get response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/get response.status_code : 200 response.encoding : ascii response.headers['content-type'] : application/json PUT https://httpbin.org/put response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/put response.status_code : 200 response.encoding : ascii response.headers['content-type'] : application/json DELETE https://httpbin.org/delete response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/delete response.status_code : 200 response.encoding : ascii response.headers['content-type'] : application/json HEAD https://httpbin.org/get response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/get response.status_code : 200 response.encoding : None response.headers['content-type'] : application/json OPTIONS https://httpbin.org/get response : <Response [200 OK]> response.url : https://httpbin.org/get response.status_code : 200 response.encoding : utf-8 response.headers['content-type'] : text/html; charset=utf-8 |