■ WEB API에서 JWT(Json Web Token) 인증을 사용하는 방법을 보여준다.
[TestLibrary 프로젝트]
▶ User.cs
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namespace TestLibrary { /// <summary> /// 사용자 /// </summary> public class User { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Property ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 사용자명 - UserName /// <summary> /// 사용자명 /// </summary> public string UserName { get; set; } #endregion #region 패스워드 - Password /// <summary> /// 패스워드 /// </summary> public string Password { get; set; } #endregion #region 사용자 역할 - UserRole /// <summary> /// 사용자 역할 /// </summary> public string UserRole { get; set; } #endregion } } |
▶ WeatherForecast.cs
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using System; namespace TestLibrary { /// <summary> /// 기상 예보 /// </summary> public class WeatherForecast { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Property ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 일자 - Date /// <summary> /// 일자 /// </summary> public DateTime Date { get; set; } #endregion #region 섭씨 온도 - TemperatureC /// <summary> /// 섭씨 온도 /// </summary> public int TemperatureC { get; set; } #endregion #region 화씨 온도 - TemperatureF /// <summary> /// 화씨 온도 /// </summary> public int TemperatureF => 32 + (int)(TemperatureC / 0.5556); #endregion #region 요약 - Summary /// <summary> /// 요약 /// </summary> public string Summary { get; set; } #endregion } } |
[TestServer 프로젝트]
▶ appsettings.json
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{ "Logging" : { "LogLevel" : { "Default" : "Information", "Microsoft" : "Warning", "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime" : "Information" } }, "AllowedHosts" : "*", "JWT" : { "SecretKey" : "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890", "Issuer" : "https://localhost:44316/", "Audience" : "https://localhost:44316/" } } |
▶ MultipleRoleAuthorizeFilter.cs
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace TestServer.Tools { /// <summary> /// 복수 역할 권한 확인 필터 /// </summary> public class MultipleRoleAuthorizeFilter : IAsyncAuthorizationFilter { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Field ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Private #region Field /// <summary> /// 권한 서비스 /// </summary> private readonly IAuthorizationService authorizationService; #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Property ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 정책 리스트 - PolicyList /// <summary> /// 정책 리스트 /// </summary> public string PolicyList { get; private set; } #endregion #region AND 적용 여부 - ApplyAnd /// <summary> /// AND 적용 여부 /// </summary> public bool ApplyAnd { get; private set; } #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Constructor ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 생성자 - MultipleRoleAuthorizeFilter(policyList, applyAnd, authorizationService) /// <summary> /// 생성자 /// </summary> /// <param name="policyList">정책 리스트</param> /// <param name="applyAnd">AND 적용 여부</param> /// <param name="authorizationService">권한 서비스</param> public MultipleRoleAuthorizeFilter(string policyList, bool applyAnd, IAuthorizationService authorizationService) { this.authorizationService = authorizationService; PolicyList = policyList; ApplyAnd = applyAnd; } #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Method ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 권한 확인시 처리하기 (비동기) - OnAuthorizationAsync(context) /// <summary> /// 권한 확인시 처리하기 (비동기) /// </summary> /// <param name="context">컨텍스트</param> /// <returns>태스크</returns> public async Task OnAuthorizationAsync(AuthorizationFilterContext context) { List<string> list = PolicyList.Split(";").ToList(); if(ApplyAnd) { foreach(string policy in list) { AuthorizationResult result = await authorizationService.AuthorizeAsync(context.HttpContext.User, policy); if(!result.Succeeded) { context.Result = new UnauthorizedResult(); // new ForbidResult(); return; } } } else { foreach(string policy in list) { AuthorizationResult result = await authorizationService.AuthorizeAsync(context.HttpContext.User, policy); if(result.Succeeded) { return; } } context.Result = new UnauthorizedResult(); // new ForbidResult(); return; } } #endregion } } |
▶ MultipleRoleAuthorizeAttribute.cs
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace TestServer.Tools { /// <summary> /// 복수 역할 권한 확인 어트리브튜 /// </summary> public class MultipleRoleAuthorizeAttribute : TypeFilterAttribute { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Constructor ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 생성자 - MultipleRoleAuthorizeAttribute(policyList, applyAnd) /// <summary> /// 생성자 /// </summary> /// <param name="policyList">정책 리스트</param> /// <param name="applyAnd">AND 적용 여부</param> public MultipleRoleAuthorizeAttribute(string policyList, bool applyAnd = false) : base(typeof(MultipleRoleAuthorizeFilter)) { Arguments = new object[] { policyList, applyAnd }; } #endregion } } |
▶ Policy.cs
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization; namespace TestServer.Tools { /// <summary> /// 정책 /// </summary> public class Policy { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Field ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Instance //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region Field /// <summary> /// 관리자 /// </summary> public const string Administrator = "Administrator"; /// <summary> /// 사용자 /// </summary> public const string User = "User"; #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Method ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Static //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 관리자 권한 정책 구하기 - GetAdministratorAuthorizationPolicy() /// <summary> /// 관리자 권한 정책 구하기 /// </summary> /// <returns>관리자 권한 정책</returns> public static AuthorizationPolicy GetAdministratorAuthorizationPolicy() { return new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder().RequireAuthenticatedUser().RequireRole(Administrator).Build(); } #endregion #region 사용자 권한 정책 구하기 - GetUserAuthorizationPolicy() /// <summary> /// 사용자 권한 정책 구하기 /// </summary> /// <returns>사용자 권한 정책</returns> public static AuthorizationPolicy GetUserAuthorizationPolicy() { return new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder().RequireAuthenticatedUser().RequireRole(User).Build(); } #endregion } } |
▶ Startup.cs
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting; using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens; using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models; using System; using System.Text; using TestServer.Tools; namespace TestServer { /// <summary> /// 시작 /// </summary> public class Startup { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Property ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 구성 - Configuration /// <summary> /// 구성 /// </summary> public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Constructor ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 생성자 - Startup(configuration) /// <summary> /// 생성자 /// </summary> /// <param name="configuration">구성</param> public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; } #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Method ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 서비스 컬렉션 구성하기 - ConfigureServices(serviceCollection) /// <summary> /// 서비스 컬렉션 구성하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="serviceCollection">서비스 컬렉션</param> public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection serviceCollection) { serviceCollection.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme) .AddJwtBearer ( option => { option.RequireHttpsMetadata = false; option.SaveToken = true; option.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters { ValidateIssuer = true, ValidateAudience = true, ValidateLifetime = true, ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true, ValidIssuer = Configuration["JWT:Issuer"], ValidAudience = Configuration["JWT:Audience"], IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration["JWT:SecretKey"])), ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero }; } ); serviceCollection.AddAuthorization ( option => { option.AddPolicy(Policy.Administrator, Policy.GetAdministratorAuthorizationPolicy()); option.AddPolicy(Policy.User , Policy.GetUserAuthorizationPolicy() ); } ); serviceCollection.AddControllers(); serviceCollection.AddSwaggerGen ( option => { option.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "TestServer", Version = "v1" }); } ); } #endregion #region 구성하기 - Configure(applicationBuilder, environment) /// <summary> /// 구성하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="applicationBuilder">애플리케이션 빌더</param> /// <param name="environment">환경</param> public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder applicationBuilder, IWebHostEnvironment environment) { if(environment.IsDevelopment()) { applicationBuilder.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); applicationBuilder.UseSwagger(); applicationBuilder.UseSwaggerUI(c => c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "TestServer v1")); } applicationBuilder.UseHttpsRedirection(); applicationBuilder.UseRouting(); applicationBuilder.UseAuthentication(); applicationBuilder.UseAuthorization(); applicationBuilder.UseEndpoints ( endpoints => { endpoints.MapControllers(); } ); } #endregion } } |
▶ LoginController.cs
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt; using System.Security.Claims; using System.Text; using TestLibrary; using TestServer.Tools; namespace TestServer.Controllers { /// <summary> /// 로그인 컨트롤러 /// </summary> [ApiController] [Route("[controller]")] public class LoginController : ControllerBase { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Field ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Static //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Private #region Field /// <summary> /// 사용자 딕셔너리 /// </summary> private static Dictionary<string, User> _userDictionary = new Dictionary<string, User>(); #endregion ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Instance //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Private #region Field /// <summary> /// 구성 /// </summary> private readonly IConfiguration configuration; #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Constructor ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Static #region 생성자 - LoginController() /// <summary> /// 생성자 /// </summary> static LoginController() { _userDictionary.Add("admin", new User { UserName = "admin", Password = "1234", UserRole = Policy.Administrator }); _userDictionary.Add("user1", new User { UserName = "user1", Password = "1234", UserRole = Policy.User }); _userDictionary.Add("user2", new User { UserName = "user2", Password = "1234", UserRole = Policy.User }); } #endregion ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Instance //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 생성자 - LoginController(configuration) /// <summary> /// 생성자 /// </summary> /// <param name="configuration">구성</param> public LoginController(IConfiguration configuration) { this.configuration = configuration; } #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Method ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 로그인하기 - Login(loginUser) /// <summary> /// 로그인하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="loginUser">로그인 사용자</param> /// <returns>액션 결과</returns> [HttpPost] [AllowAnonymous] public IActionResult Login([FromBody] User loginUser) { IActionResult actionResult = Unauthorized(); User user = AuthenticateUser(loginUser); if(user != null) { string token = GenerateJWTToken(user); actionResult = Ok(token); } return actionResult; } #endregion ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Private #region 사용자 인증하기 - AuthenticateUser(loginUser) /// <summary> /// 사용자 인증하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="loginUser">로그인 사용자</param> /// <returns>인증 사용자</returns> private User AuthenticateUser(User loginUser) { if(_userDictionary.ContainsKey(loginUser.UserName)) { User user = _userDictionary[loginUser.UserName]; if(user.Password == loginUser.Password) { return user; } else { return null; } } else { return null; } } #endregion #region JWT 토큰 생성하기 - GenerateJWTToken(user) /// <summary> /// JWT 토큰 생성하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="user">사용자</param> /// <returns>JWT 토큰</returns> private string GenerateJWTToken(User user) { byte[] keyByteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(configuration["JWT:SecretKey"]); SymmetricSecurityKey symmetricSecurityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(keyByteArray); SigningCredentials credentials = new SigningCredentials(symmetricSecurityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256); Claim[] claimArray = new[] { new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, user.UserName ), new Claim("role" , user.UserRole ), new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) }; JwtSecurityToken token = new JwtSecurityToken ( issuer : configuration["JWT:Issuer"], audience : configuration["JWT:Audience"], claims : claimArray, expires : DateTime.Now.AddHours(1), signingCredentials: credentials ); return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token); } #endregion } } |
▶ WeatherForecastController.cs
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using TestLibrary; using TestServer.Tools; namespace TestServer.Controllers { /// <summary> /// 기상 예보 컨트롤러 /// </summary> [ApiController] [Route("[controller]")] public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Field ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Static //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Private #region Field /// <summary> /// 요약 배열 /// </summary> private static readonly string[] _summaryArray = new[] { "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching" }; #endregion ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Instance //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Private #region Field /// <summary> /// 로거 /// </summary> private readonly ILogger<WeatherForecastController> logger; #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Constructor ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 생성자 - WeatherForecastController(logger) /// <summary> /// 생성자 /// </summary> /// <param name="logger">로거</param> public WeatherForecastController(ILogger<WeatherForecastController> logger) { this.logger = logger; } #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Method ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 구하기 - Get() /// <summary> /// 구하기 /// </summary> /// <returns>기상 예보 열거 가능형</returns> [HttpGet] [MultipleRoleAuthorize("Administrator;User")] public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get() { Random random = new Random(); IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> enumerable = Enumerable.Range(1, 5) .Select ( index => new WeatherForecast { Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index), TemperatureC = random.Next(-20, 55), Summary = _summaryArray[random.Next(_summaryArray.Length)] } ) .ToArray(); return enumerable; } #endregion } } |
[TestClient 프로젝트]
▶ Program.cs
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Net; using System.Net.Http; using System.Net.Http.Headers; using System.Threading.Tasks; using TestLibrary; namespace TestClient { /// <summary> /// 프로그램 /// </summary> class Program { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Method ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Static //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 프로그램 시작하기 - Main() /// <summary> /// 프로그램 시작하기 /// </summary> static void Main() { User user = new User { UserName = "admin", Password = "1234"}; string token = Login("https://localhost:44316/Login", user).GetAwaiter().GetResult(); Console.WriteLine($"JWT 토큰 : {token}"); Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------------"); IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> result = Test("https://localhost:44316/WeatherForecast", token).GetAwaiter().GetResult(); if(result != null) { foreach(WeatherForecast item in result) { Console.WriteLine(item.Summary); } } Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------------"); Console.WriteLine("아무 키나 눌러 주시기 바랍니다."); Console.ReadKey(true); } #endregion #region HTTP 클라이언트 구하기 - GetHTTPClient(useCookie, baseAddress, tokenShema, token) /// <summary> /// HTTP 클라이언트 구하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="useCookie">쿠키 사용 여부</param> /// <param name="baseAddress">기본 주소</param> /// <param name="tokenShema">토큰 스키마</param> /// <param name="token">토큰</param> /// <returns>HTTP 클라이언트</returns> private static HttpClient GetHTTPClient(bool useCookie, string baseAddress, string tokenShema, string token) { HttpClient client; if(useCookie) { HttpClientHandler httpClientHandler = new HttpClientHandler(); httpClientHandler.UseCookies = true; httpClientHandler.CookieContainer = new CookieContainer(); client = new HttpClient(httpClientHandler); } else { client = new HttpClient(); } client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear(); client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json")); if(!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(baseAddress)) { client.BaseAddress = new Uri(baseAddress); } if(!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tokenShema)) { client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue(tokenShema, token); } return client; } #endregion #region 로그인하기 - Login(url, user) /// <summary> /// 로그인하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="url">URL</param> /// <param name="user">사용자</param> /// <returns>JWT 토큰</returns> private static async Task<string> Login(string url, User user) { using(HttpClient client = GetHTTPClient(false, url, null, null)) { var response = await client.PostAsJsonAsync<User>(url, user); if(response.IsSuccessStatusCode) { string token = await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<string>(); return token; } return null; } } #endregion #region 테스트하기 - Test(url, token, test) /// <summary> /// 테스트하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="url">URL</param> /// <param name="token">JWT 토큰</param> /// <param name="test">테스트</param> /// <returns>테스트 결과</returns> private static async Task<IEnumerable<WeatherForecast>> Test(string url, string token) { using(HttpClient client = GetHTTPClient(false, url, "Bearer", token)) { var response = await client.GetAsync(url); if(response.IsSuccessStatusCode) { IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> result = await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<WeatherForecast>>(); return result; } else // http://로 호출한 경우 https://로 다시 호출한다. { string finalRequestURL = response.RequestMessage.RequestUri.AbsoluteUri; if(finalRequestURL != url) { response = await client.GetAsync(finalRequestURL); if(response.IsSuccessStatusCode) { IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> result = await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<WeatherForecast>>(); return result; } else { return null; } } else { return null; } } } } #endregion } } |
