■ k-평균 클러스터링(k-means clustering)을 사용하는 방법을 보여준다.
▶ GraphicsExtension.cs
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Drawing; namespace TestProject { /// <summary> /// 그래픽스 확장 /// </summary> public static class GraphicsExtension { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Field ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Static //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Private #region Field /// <summary> /// 난수기 /// </summary> private static Random _random = new Random(); #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Method ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Static //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 포인트 그리기 - DrawPoint(graphics, point, brush, pen, radius) /// <summary> /// 포인트 그리기 /// </summary> /// <param name="graphics">그래픽스</param> /// <param name="point">포인트</param> /// <param name="brush">브러시</param> /// <param name="pen">펜</param> /// <param name="radius">반경</param> public static void DrawPoint(this Graphics graphics, PointF point, Brush brush, Pen pen, float radius) { RectangleF rectangle = new RectangleF ( point.X - radius, point.Y - radius, 2 * radius, 2 * radius ); graphics.FillEllipse(brush, rectangle); graphics.DrawEllipse(pen, rectangle); } #endregion #region 포인트 리스트 그리기 - DrawPointList(graphics, pointList, brush, pen, radius) /// <summary> /// 포인트 리스트 그리기 /// </summary> /// <param name="graphics">그래픽스</param> /// <param name="pointList">포인트 리스트</param> /// <param name="brush">브러시</param> /// <param name="pen">펜</param> /// <param name="radius">반경</param> public static void DrawPointList(this Graphics graphics, List<PointF> pointList, Brush brush, Pen pen, float radius) { if(pointList == null) { return; } foreach(PointF point in pointList) { graphics.DrawPoint(point, brush, pen, radius); } } #endregion #region 사각형 그리기 - DrawRectangle(graphics, pen, rectangle) /// <summary> /// 사각형 그리기 /// </summary> /// <param name="graphics">그래픽스</param> /// <param name="pen">펜</param> /// <param name="rectangle">사각형</param> public static void DrawRectangle(this Graphics graphics, Pen pen, RectangleF rectangle) { graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, rectangle.X, rectangle.Y, rectangle.Width, rectangle.Height); } #endregion #region 사각형 그리기 - DrawRectangle(graphics, point, brush, pen, radius) /// <summary> /// 사각형 그리기 /// </summary> /// <param name="graphics">그래픽스</param> /// <param name="point">포인트</param> /// <param name="brush">브로시</param> /// <param name="pen">펜</param> /// <param name="radius">반경</param> public static void DrawRectangle(this Graphics graphics, PointF point, Brush brush, Pen pen, float radius) { RectangleF rectangle = new RectangleF ( point.X - radius, point.Y - radius, 2 * radius, 2 * radius ); graphics.FillRectangle(brush, rectangle); graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, rectangle); } #endregion #region 십자가 그리기 - DrawCross(graphics, pen, point, radius) /// <summary> /// 십자가 그리기 /// </summary> /// <param name="graphics">그래픽스</param> /// <param name="pen">펜</param> /// <param name="point">포인트</param> /// <param name="radius">반경</param> public static void DrawCross(this Graphics graphics, Pen pen, PointF point, float radius) { graphics.DrawLine(pen, point.X - radius, point.Y, point.X + radius, point.Y); graphics.DrawLine(pen, point.X, point.Y - radius, point.X, point.Y + radius); } #endregion #region 십자가 그리기 - DrawCross(graphics, outerColor, innerColor, point, radius) /// <summary> /// 십자가 그리기 /// </summary> /// <param name="graphics">그래픽스</param> /// <param name="outerColor">외부 색상</param> /// <param name="innerColor">내부 색상</param> /// <param name="point">포인트</param> /// <param name="radius">반경</param> public static void DrawCross(this Graphics graphics, Color outerColor, Color innerColor, PointF point, float radius) { using(Pen pen = new Pen(outerColor, 3)) { graphics.DrawLine(pen, point.X - radius - 1, point.Y, point.X + radius + 1, point.Y); graphics.DrawLine(pen, point.X, point.Y - radius - 1, point.X, point.Y + radius + 1); } using(Pen pen = new Pen(innerColor, 1)) { graphics.DrawLine(pen, point.X - radius, point.Y, point.X + radius, point.Y); graphics.DrawLine(pen, point.X, point.Y - radius, point.X, point.Y + radius); } } #endregion #region 난수 구하기 - Random<T>(list) /// <summary> /// 난수 구하기 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TItem">항목 타입</typeparam> /// <param name="list">리스트</param> /// <returns>난수 값</returns> public static TItem Random<TItem>(List<TItem> list) { return list[_random.Next(list.Count)]; } #endregion #region 임의로 섞기 - Randomize<T>(array) /// <summary> /// 임의로 섞기 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TItem">항목 타입</typeparam> /// <param name="array">배열</param> public static void Randomize<TItem>(this TItem[] array) { for(int i = 0; i < array.Length - 1; i++) { int j = _random.Next(i, array.Length); TItem temporaryValue = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temporaryValue; } } #endregion #region 임의로 섞기 - Randomize<T>(list) /// <summary> /// 임의로 섞기 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TItem">항목 타입</typeparam> /// <param name="list">리스트</param> public static void Randomize<TItem>(this List<TItem> list) { TItem[] array = list.ToArray(); array.Randomize(); list.Clear(); list.AddRange(array); } #endregion } } |
▶ PointData.cs
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using System.Drawing; namespace TestProject { /// <summary> /// 포인트 데이터 /// </summary> public class PointData { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Field ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region Field /// <summary> /// 위치 /// </summary> public PointF Location; /// <summary> /// 클러스터 번호 /// </summary> public int ClusterNumber; #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Constructor ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 생성자 - PointData(location, clusterNumber) /// <summary> /// 생성자 /// </summary> /// <param name="location">위치</param> /// <param name="clusterNumber">클러스터 번호</param> public PointData(PointF location, int clusterNumber) { Location = location; ClusterNumber = clusterNumber; } #endregion #region 생성자 - PointData(x, y, clusterNumber) /// <summary> /// 생성자 /// </summary> /// <param name="x">X</param> /// <param name="y">Y</param> /// <param name="clusterNumber">클러스터 번호</param> public PointData(float x, float y, int clusterNumber) : this(new PointF(x, y), clusterNumber) { } #endregion } } |
▶ MainForm.cs
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Drawing; using System.Drawing.Drawing2D; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace TestProject { /// <summary> /// 메인 폼 /// </summary> public partial class MainForm : Form { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Field ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Private #region Field /// <summary> /// 포인트 펜 배열 /// </summary> private Pen[] pointPenArray = { Pens.Red, Pens.Green, Pens.Blue, Pens.Black, Pens.Red, Pens.Green, Pens.Blue, Pens.Black }; /// <summary> /// 포인트 브러시 배열 /// </summary> private Brush[] pointBrushArray = { Brushes.Pink, Brushes.LightGreen, Brushes.LightBlue, Brushes.Yellow, Brushes.Orange, Brushes.Lime, Brushes.Cyan, Brushes.White }; /// <summary> /// 중심점 브러시 배열 /// </summary> private Brush[] centroidBrushArray = { Brushes.Red, Brushes.Green, Brushes.Blue, Brushes.Yellow, Brushes.Orange, Brushes.Lime, Brushes.Cyan, Brushes.White }; /// <summary> /// 시드 포인트 리스트 /// </summary> private List<PointF> seedPointList = new List<PointF>(); /// <summary> /// 중심점 리스트 /// </summary> private List<PointF> centroidList = new List<PointF>(); /// <summary> /// 포인트 데이터 리스트 /// </summary> private List<PointData> pointDataList = new List<PointData>(); /// <summary> /// 단계 카운트 /// </summary> private int stepCount = 0; /// <summary> /// 최대 클러스터 카운트 /// </summary> private int maximumClusterCount = 1; #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Constructor ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Public #region 생성자 - MainForm() /// <summary> /// 생성자 /// </summary> public MainForm() { InitializeComponent(); Load += Form_Load; this.createPointButton.Click += createPointButton_Click; this.createClusterButton.Click += createClusterButton_Click; this.clearButton.Click += clearButton_Click; this.pictureBox.MouseClick += pictureBox_MouseClick; this.pictureBox.Paint += pictureBox_Paint; this.fpsScrollBar.Scroll += fpsScrollBar_Scroll; this.timer.Tick += timer_Tick; } #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Method ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Private //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Event #region 폼 로드시 처리하기 - Form_Load(sender, e) /// <summary> /// 폼 로드시 처리하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender">이벤트 발생자</param> /// <param name="e">이벤트 인자</param> private void Form_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.maximumClusterCount = this.pointBrushArray.Length; } #endregion #region 포인트 생성 버튼 클릭시 처리하기 - createPointButton_Click(sender, e) /// <summary> /// 포인트 생성 버튼 클릭시 처리하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender">이벤트 발생자</param> /// <param name="e">이벤트 인자</param> private void createPointButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { AddPointData(); } #endregion #region 클러스터 생성 버튼 클릭시 처리하기 - createClusterButton_Click(sender, e) /// <summary> /// 클러스터 생성 버튼 클릭시 처리하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender">이벤트 발생자</param> /// <param name="e">이벤트 인자</param> private void createClusterButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { int clusterCount = int.Parse(this.clusterCountTextBox.Text); if(this.pointDataList.Count < clusterCount) { return; } this.centroidList = new List<PointF>(); this.pointDataList.Randomize(); for(int i = 0; i < clusterCount; i++) { this.centroidList.Add(this.pointDataList[i].Location); } foreach(PointData pointData in this.pointDataList) { pointData.ClusterNumber = 0; } this.stepCount = 0; this.pictureBox.Refresh(); this.scoreLabel.Text = string.Empty; Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor; this.timer.Enabled = true; } #endregion #region 지우기 버튼 클릭시 처리하기 - clearButton_Click(sender, e) /// <summary> /// 지우기 버튼 클릭시 처리하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender">이벤트 발생자</param> /// <param name="e">이벤트 인자</param> private void clearButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.seedPointList.Clear(); this.centroidList.Clear(); this.pointDataList.Clear(); this.pictureBox.Refresh(); } #endregion #region 픽처 박스 마우스 클릭시 처리하기 - pictureBox_MouseClick(sender, e) /// <summary> /// 픽처 박스 마우스 클릭시 처리하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender">이벤트 발생자</param> /// <param name="e">이벤트 인자</param> private void pictureBox_MouseClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { if(e.Button == MouseButtons.Left) { this.seedPointList.Add(e.Location); } else { this.pointDataList.Add(new PointData(e.Location, 0)); } this.centroidList.Clear(); this.pictureBox.Refresh(); } #endregion #region 픽처 박스 페인트시 처리하기 - pictureBox_Paint(sender, e) /// <summary> /// 픽처 박스 페인트시 처리하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender">이벤트 발생자</param> /// <param name="e">이벤트 인자</param> private void pictureBox_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) { const float RADIUS = 4; e.Graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias; foreach(PointData pointData in this.pointDataList) { e.Graphics.DrawPoint ( pointData.Location, this.pointBrushArray[pointData.ClusterNumber % this.maximumClusterCount], this.pointPenArray[pointData.ClusterNumber % this.maximumClusterCount], RADIUS ); } for(int i = 0; i < this.centroidList.Count; i++) { e.Graphics.DrawRectangle ( this.centroidList[i], this.centroidBrushArray[i % this.maximumClusterCount], Pens.Black, RADIUS ); } for(int i = 0; i < this.seedPointList.Count; i++) { e.Graphics.DrawCross ( Color.Black, Color.White, this.seedPointList[i], 2 * RADIUS ); } } #endregion #region FPS 스크롤바 스크롤시 처리하기 - fpsScrollBar_Scroll(sender, e) /// <summary> /// FPS 스크롤바 스크롤시 처리하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender">이벤트 발생자</param> /// <param name="e">이벤트 인자</param> private void fpsScrollBar_Scroll(object sender, ScrollEventArgs e) { int fps = this.fpsScrollBar.Value / 10; if(fps < 1) { fps = 1; } this.fpsValueLabel.Text = fps.ToString(); this.timer.Interval = 1000 / fps; } #endregion #region 타이머 틱 처리하기 - timer_Tick(sender, e) /// <summary> /// 타이머 틱 처리하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender">이벤트 발생자</param> /// <param name="e">이벤트 인자</param> private void timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.stepCount++; UpdateSolution(); this.pictureBox.Refresh(); } #endregion //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Function #region 포인트 데이터 추가하기 - AddPointData() /// <summary> /// 포인트 데이터 추가하기 /// </summary> private void AddPointData() { if(this.seedPointList.Count < 1) { MessageBox.Show("먼저 최소한 하나의 시드를 정의해 주시기 바랍니다."); return; } this.centroidList.Clear(); Random random = new Random(); double maximumRadius = Math.Min(this.pictureBox.ClientSize.Width, this.pictureBox.ClientSize.Height) / 6; int pointCount = int.Parse(this.pointCountTextBox.Text); for(int i = 0; i < pointCount; i++) { int seedNumber = random.Next(this.seedPointList.Count); double radius = maximumRadius * random.NextDouble() + maximumRadius * random.NextDouble(); double theta = random.Next(360); float x = this.seedPointList[seedNumber].X + (float)(radius * Math.Cos(theta)); float y = this.seedPointList[seedNumber].Y + (float)(radius * Math.Sin(theta)); this.pointDataList.Add(new PointData(x, y, 0)); } this.pictureBox.Refresh(); } #endregion #region 거리 구하기 - GetDistance(point1, point2) /// <summary> /// 거리 구하기 /// </summary> /// <param name="point1">포인트 1</param> /// <param name="point2">포인트 2</param> /// <returns>거리</returns> private double GetDistance(PointF point1, PointF point2) { float deltaX = point1.X - point2.X; float deltaY = point1.Y - point2.Y; return Math.Sqrt(deltaX * deltaX + deltaY * deltaY); } #endregion #region 점수 구하기 - GetScore() /// <summary> /// 점수 구하기 /// </summary> /// <returns>점수</returns> private int GetScore() { float score = 0; foreach(PointData pointData in this.pointDataList) { float deltaX = this.centroidList[pointData.ClusterNumber].X - pointData.Location.X; float deltaY = this.centroidList[pointData.ClusterNumber].Y - pointData.Location.Y; score += deltaX * deltaX + deltaY * deltaY; } return (int)score; } #endregion #region 솔루션 업데이트하기 - UpdateSolution() /// <summary> /// 솔루션 업데이트하기 /// </summary> private void UpdateSolution() { int clusterCount = this.centroidList.Count; PointF[] newCenterPointArray = new PointF[clusterCount]; int[] pointNumberArray = new int[clusterCount]; foreach(PointData pointData in this.pointDataList) { double bestDistance = GetDistance(pointData.Location, this.centroidList[0]); int bestCluster = 0; for(int i = 1; i < clusterCount; i++) { double testDistance = GetDistance(pointData.Location, this.centroidList[i]); if(testDistance < bestDistance) { bestDistance = testDistance; bestCluster = i; } } pointData.ClusterNumber = bestCluster; newCenterPointArray[bestCluster].X += pointData.Location.X; newCenterPointArray[bestCluster].Y += pointData.Location.Y; pointNumberArray[bestCluster]++; } List<PointF> newCentroidList = new List<PointF>(); for(int i = 0; i < clusterCount; i++) { newCentroidList.Add ( new PointF ( newCenterPointArray[i].X / pointNumberArray[i], newCenterPointArray[i].Y / pointNumberArray[i] ) ); } bool centroidChanged = false; for(int i = 0; i < clusterCount; i++) { const float minimumChange = 0.5f; if ( (Math.Abs(this.centroidList[i].X - newCentroidList[i].X) > minimumChange) || (Math.Abs(this.centroidList[i].Y - newCentroidList[i].Y) > minimumChange) ) { centroidChanged = true; break; } } if(!centroidChanged) { this.timer.Enabled = false; this.scoreLabel.Text = $"점수 : {GetScore()}, 단계 수 : {this.stepCount}"; Cursor = Cursors.Default; return; } this.centroidList = newCentroidList; } #endregion } } |
