■ WebPImageFile 클래스의 save 메소드를 사용해 .WEBP 파일을 .GIF 파일로 저장하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ main.py
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from PIL import Image webPImageFile = Image.open("./sample.webp") webPImageFile.save("./sample.gif", "gif", save_all = True) |
▶ requirements.txt
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pillow==10.4.0 |
※ pip install
■ PNG 파일을 SVG 파일로 변환하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ main.py
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import sys import operator import logging import collections import io import optparse from PIL import Image ################################################################################ # 공통 ################################################################################ def AddTuple(tuple1, tuple2): return tuple(map(operator.add, tuple1, tuple2)) def SubtractTuple(tuple1, tuple2): return tuple(map(operator.sub, tuple1, tuple2)) def NegateTuple(tuple1): return tuple(map(operator.neg, tuple1)) def CalculateDirection(edgeTupleTuple): return SubtractTuple(edgeTupleTuple[1], edgeTupleTuple[0]) def CalculateMagnitude(a): return int(pow(pow(a[0], 2) + pow(a[1], 2), .5)) def Normalize(tuple1): magnitude = CalculateMagnitude(tuple1) assert magnitude > 0, "Cannot normalize a zero-length vector" return tuple(map(operator.truediv, tuple1, [magnitude] * len(tuple1))) def GetSVGHeader(width, height): return """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> <svg width="%d" height="%d" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"> """ % (width, height) ################################################################################ # SVG 데이터 구하기 1 ################################################################################ def GetJoinedEdgeList(assortedEdgeDictionary, keepEveryPoint = False): pieceListList = [] pieceList = [] directionDeque = collections.deque([(0, 1), (1, 0), (0, -1), (-1, 0)]) while assortedEdgeDictionary: if not pieceList: pieceList.append(assortedEdgeDictionary.pop()) currentDirectionTuple = Normalize(CalculateDirection(pieceList[-1])) while currentDirectionTuple != directionDeque[2]: directionDeque.rotate() for i in range(1, 4): nextEndTuple = AddTuple(pieceList[-1][1], directionDeque[i]) nextEdgeTuple = (pieceList[-1][1], nextEndTuple) if nextEdgeTuple in assortedEdgeDictionary: assortedEdgeDictionary.remove(nextEdgeTuple) if i == 2 and not keepEveryPoint: pieceList[-1] = (pieceList[-1][0], nextEdgeTuple[1]) else: pieceList.append(nextEdgeTuple) if pieceList[0][0] == pieceList[-1][1]: if not keepEveryPoint and Normalize(CalculateDirection(pieceList[0])) == Normalize(CalculateDirection(pieceList[-1])): pieceList[-1] = (pieceList[-1][0], pieceList.pop(0)[1]) pieceListList.append(pieceList) pieceList = [] break else: raise Exception("Failed to find connecting edge") return pieceListList def GetSVGData1(image, opaque = None, keepEveryPoint = False): adjacentOffsetTuple = ((1, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, -1)) visitedImage = Image.new("1", image.size, 0) colorTupleDictionary = {} width, height = image.size for x in range(width): for y in range(height): pointTuple = (x, y) if visitedImage.getpixel(pointTuple): continue colorTuple = image.getpixel((x, y)) if opaque and not colorTuple[3]: continue pieceList = [] queueList = [pointTuple] visitedImage.putpixel(pointTuple, 1) while queueList: pointTuple = queueList.pop() for offsetTuple in adjacentOffsetTuple: neighbourPointTuple = AddTuple(pointTuple, offsetTuple) if not (0 <= neighbourPointTuple[0] < width) or not (0 <= neighbourPointTuple[1] < height): continue if visitedImage.getpixel(neighbourPointTuple): continue neighbourPointColorTuple = image.getpixel(neighbourPointTuple) if neighbourPointColorTuple != colorTuple: continue queueList.append(neighbourPointTuple) visitedImage.putpixel(neighbourPointTuple, 1) pieceList.append(pointTuple) if not colorTuple in colorTupleDictionary: colorTupleDictionary[colorTuple] = [] colorTupleDictionary[colorTuple].append(pieceList) del adjacentOffsetTuple del visitedImage edgeDictionray = \ { (-1, 0) : ((0, 0), (0, 1)), ( 0, 1) : ((0, 1), (1, 1)), ( 1, 0) : ((1, 1), (1, 0)), ( 0, -1) : ((1, 0), (0, 0)) } colorEdgeDictionary = {} for colorTuple, pieceList in colorTupleDictionary.items(): for piecePixelList in pieceList: edgeSet = set([]) for coordinateTuple in piecePixelList: for offsetTuple, (startOffsetTuple, endOffsetTuple) in edgeDictionray.items(): neighbourPointTuple = AddTuple(coordinateTuple, offsetTuple ) startTuple = AddTuple(coordinateTuple, startOffsetTuple) endTuple = AddTuple(coordinateTuple, endOffsetTuple ) edgeTuple = (startTuple, endTuple) if neighbourPointTuple in piecePixelList: continue edgeSet.add(edgeTuple) if not colorTuple in colorEdgeDictionary: colorEdgeDictionary[colorTuple] = [] colorEdgeDictionary[colorTuple].append(edgeSet) del colorTupleDictionary del edgeDictionray colorJoinedPieceDictionary = {} for colorTuple, pieceList in colorEdgeDictionary.items(): colorJoinedPieceDictionary[colorTuple] = [] for assortedEdgeDictionary in pieceList: colorJoinedPieceDictionary[colorTuple].append(GetJoinedEdgeList(assortedEdgeDictionary, keepEveryPoint)) stringIO = io.StringIO() stringIO.write(GetSVGHeader(*image.size)) for colorTuple, shapeList in colorJoinedPieceDictionary.items(): for shape in shapeList: stringIO.write(""" <path d=" """) for subsidaryShape in shape: pointTuple = subsidaryShape.pop(0)[0] stringIO.write(""" M %d,%d """ % pointTuple) for edgeTuple in subsidaryShape: pointTuple = edgeTuple[0] stringIO.write(""" L %d,%d """ % pointTuple) stringIO.write(""" Z """) stringIO.write(""" " style="fill:rgb%s; fill-opacity:%.3f; stroke:none;" />\n""" % (colorTuple[0:3], float(colorTuple[3]) / 255)) stringIO.write("""</svg>\n""") return stringIO.getvalue() ################################################################################ # SVG 데이터 구하기 2 ################################################################################ def GetSVGData2(image, opaque = None): stringIO = io.StringIO() stringIO.write(GetSVGHeader(*image.size)) width, height = image.size for x in range(width): for y in range(height): pointTuple = (x, y) colorTuple = image.getpixel(pointTuple) if opaque and not colorTuple[3]: continue stringIO.write(""" <rect x="%d" y="%d" width="1" height="1" style="fill:rgb%s; fill-opacity:%.3f; stroke:none;" />\n"""\ % (x, y, colorTuple[0:3], float(colorTuple[3]) / 255)) stringIO.write("""</svg>\n""") return stringIO.getvalue() ################################################################################ # SVG 파일 생성하기 ################################################################################ def CreateSVGFile(pngFilePath, contiguous = None, opaque = None, keepEveryPoint = None): try: pngImageFile = Image.open(pngFilePath) except IOError: print("이미지 파일을 열 수가 없습니다 : %s\n" % pngFilePath) sys.exit(1) image = pngImageFile.convert("RGBA") if contiguous: return GetSVGData1(image, opaque, keepEveryPoint) else: return GetSVGData2(image, opaque) ################################################################################ # 프로그램 시작하기 ################################################################################ logging.basicConfig() log = logging.getLogger('png2svg') if __name__ == "__main__": parser = optparse.OptionParser() parser.add_option(\ "-v", "--verbose", action = "store_true", dest = "verbosity", help = "Print verbose information for debugging", default = None) parser.add_option(\ "-q", "--quiet", action = "store_false", dest = "verbosity", help = "Suppress warnings", default = None) parser.add_option(\ "-p", "--pixels", action = "store_false", dest = "contiguous", help = "Generate a separate shape for each pixel; do not group pixels into contiguous areas of the same colour", default = True) parser.add_option(\ "-o", "--opaque", action = "store_true", dest = "opaque", help = "Opaque only; do not create shapes for fully transparent pixels.", default = None) parser.add_option(\ "-1", "--one", action = "store_true", dest = "keeEveryPoint", help = "1-pixel-width edges on contiguous shapes; default is to remove intermediate points on straight line edges.", default = None) (options, argumentList) = parser.parse_args() if options.verbosity == True: log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) elif options.verbosity == False: log.setLevel(logging.ERROR) print(CreateSVGFile(argumentList[0], contiguous = options.contiguous, opaque = options.opaque, keepEveryPoint = options.keeEveryPoint)) |
※ 명령 프롬프트에서 env 가상 환경을 활성화하고 아래와 같이 실행하거나 ▶
■ filter 함수에서 커스텀 필터를 사용하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image from PIL import ImageFilter kernel = ImageFilter.Kernel((3, 3), [1, 0, -1, 5, 0, -5, 1, 0, 1]) pngImageFile = Image.open("source.png") grayscaleImage = pngImageFile.convert("L") filterImage = grayscaleImage.filter(kernel) filterImage.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 filter 메소드에서 중간값(Median) 필터를 사용하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image from PIL import ImageFilter pngImageFile = Image.open("source.png") medianFilter = ImageFilter.MedianFilter(7) medianImage = pngImageFile.filter(medianFilter) medianImage.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 filter 메소드에서 가우시안 블러(Gaussian Blur) 필터를 사용하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image from PIL import ImageFilter pngImageFile = Image.open("source.png") gaussianBlur = ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(5) gaussianBlurImage = pngImageFile.filter(gaussianBlur) gaussianBlurImage.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 putpixel 메소드를 사용해 픽셀 색상을 설정하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") colorTuple = pngImageFile.getpixel((0, 0)) print("변경전 색상 : ", colorTuple) colorList = list(colorTuple) colorList[2] = 255 colorTuple = tuple(colorList) pngImageFile.putpixel((0, 0), colorTuple) colorTuple = pngImageFile.getpixel((0, 0)) print("변경후 색상 : ", colorTuple) """ 변경전 색상 : (58, 78, 115) 변경후 색상 : (58, 78, 255) """ |
■ Brightness 클래스의 enhance 메소드를 사용해 명도를 변경하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image from PIL import ImageEnhance pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") brightness = ImageEnhance.Brightness(pngImageFile) image = brightness.enhance(2) image.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 rotate 메소드를 사용해 이미지를 회전하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") image = pngImageFile.rotate(90) image.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 resize 메소드를 사용해 이미지 크기를 변경하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") image = pngImageFile.resize((200, 200)) image.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 convert 메소드를 사용해 픽셀 모드를 변경하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") image = pngImageFile.convert("L") image.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 getpixel 메소드를 사용해 픽셀 색상을 구하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") colorTuple = pngImageFile.getpixel((100, 100)) print(colorTuple) """ (129, 151, 190) """ |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 crop 메소드를 사용해 이미지를 자르는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") image = pngImageFile.crop((100, 100, 400, 400)) image.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 save 메소드를 사용해 이미지를 저장하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") pngImageFile.save("new.png") |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 show 메소드를 사용해 이미지를 출력하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") pngImageFile.show() |
■ PngImageFile 클래스의 open 메소드를 사용해 이미지를 로드하는 방법을 보여준다. ▶ 예제 코드 (PY)
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from PIL import Image pngImageFile = Image.open("sample.png") pngImageFile.show() |